Synonym, Antonym, and Hyponym

1.     Synonym

Synonym is the state or phenomenon in which the words that sound different, but have the same of identical meaning, as another word or phrase. Synonymous words may have exatly the same conceptual meaning.

            For examples :

1.      Mother and father - parents

2.      Clear - distinct

3.      Intelligent -  witty.

2.     Antonym

Antonym is the state or phenomenon in which the words have the sense relation which involve the opposite of meaning. Palmer classifies three  of antonym  can be devided into several types :

a.      Graclable antonymy is the meaning of each word is relative, it also can be put in a graded scale which is not fixed.

Examples :

Big – small

Good -  bad

Fast – slow

Young – old

b.      Complementarity is the meaning of the word is absolute, not relative, there is onlyone possibility of meaning which is fixed.

Examples :

Male – female

Alive – dead

Present – absent

Open – closed

Up – down

c.       Relationalopposites is the pairs of words are the reversal of a relationship of word.

Example :

Buy – sell

Push – pull

Parent – child

Teacher – pupil.

3.     Hyponym

Hyponym is a term to refer to a set or term or word. The higher or upper term or word is called a super ordinate, and the lower term is called a hyponym. Some examples of hyponym are :

a.      Vegetable = carrots – cabbages – spinach – lettuce

b.      Avian = duck – goose – cock – hen – canary

c.       Bird = swallow – crane – canary- woodpecker- quail